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(Mostly) California Wine & Viticulture: A Short List

Oliver Goldsmith has been quoted as saying, “I love everything that’s old… old friends, old times, old manners, old books, old wine.”

We here at Tavistock Books couldn’t agree more, especially with the latter two, and this month offer a list of old books [et al] that deal with old wines. or at least wine produced decades, if not a centuries, ago. Many of the 44 items on the list are ephemeral in nature, since the list’s genesis comes from buying a small cache of California wine ephemera from one in the business prior to WWII.

Speaking of which, indulge me an aside, wherein I puff our state’s viticultural products even though wine came to California with the Spaniards in the eighteenth century; Sonoma & Napa didn’t enter the game until 1857 and 1859 respectively. And they didn’t get any international respect until 1976, when California wine swept the competition at “The Judgement of Paris” in 1976. The rest, as they say, is “vintage” history.

On perusing the list, you’ll see diverse references cited. These refer to:

(1) James Gabler. WINE INTO WORDS. A History and Bibliography of Wine Books in the English Language. 2nd Ed [2004].
(2) Maynard Amerine & Axel Borg. A BIBLIOGRAPHY On GRAPES, WINES, OTHER ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, And TEMPERANCE [1996].
(3) Lavonne Axford. ENGLISH LANGUAGE COOKBOOKS, 1600-1973. [1976].
(4) Katherine Bitting. GASTRONOMIC BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1939 [2004].
(5) Bob & Eleanor Brown. CULINARY AMERICANA.
(6) William Cagle & Lisa Stafford. AMERICAN BOOKS On FOOD & DRINK 1739 – 1950. A Bibliography. [1998].
(7) William & Liselotte Glozer. CALIFORNIA In The KITCHEN. [1960].
(8) National Union Catalogue.

So enjoy the bouquet, have a sip and let us know how you like our vintage selections. Below you’ll find a few selected titles from the list.

How to Wine Friends and Affluent People

Loeb_Wine_Friends_Affluent_People“In case some ‘gourmet-monger’ discouraged you with some obsolete ‘wine-ology’ such as: ‘Unless you serve the correct wine with the correct food… in the correct glass… at the correct temperature, you’d best stick to your old hosting habits…’ FORGET THAT – and him too!”

It seems as though this fun and colorful pamphlet (advertising the Petri Wine Co.) was the predecessor to the 1965 book published under the same name. It’s quite rare; none are found on OCLC, nor as we write this do we find any other copy on the market. Details>>

Annotated Bibliography of California Viticulture

Annotated_Bibliography_California_Viticulture“This bibliography represents an effort to list the various sources of information regarding California Viticulture. It is necessarily a selected list… an attempt has been made to arrange the data in a logical manner. A general point of view has been followed in the selection of the material, and if the layman becomes aware oft he multiplicity of factors imporant to the California Viticulturist, this compilation will have served the purposed for which it is primarily intended. This is the first work of its kind on California viticulture…”

Research suggests that this bibliographical work, compiled “under the auspices of the Works Progress Administration, District #8 (Official Project #65-3-4225, Symbol #1874), was never formally published. The Project Director & author was prolific, and wrote many works about California, including “Russian California 1805-1841,” “The Story of Japanese Farming in California,” and “Pre-Marshall Gold in California.” We were unable to find information on the “Researcher” D. Wainwright. Only one other archival copy is known [Bancroft], per OCLC. Details>>

Health’s Highway to Longevity

Healths_Highway_LongevityProbably published in the early 1930’s Health’s Highway to Longevity bears the drop title “A House Without Wine is Like a Body Without a Soul.” The book’s color pictorial stiff paper printed wrappers are tied with a gold cord. This copy has some evidence of biopredation, particularly on the rear wrapper. Otherwise, there is only modest wear to the wrappers, making this withal a good example. The title is rare in the trade. Details>>

The Bordeaux Wine and Liquor Dealers’ Guide

Bordeaux_Wine_Liquor_Dealers_GuideThis book was written for a group of ‘chemists’ involved with the adulteration and imitation of wines and liquors. It is prefaced: ‘In this book not one article in the smallest degree approximating to a poison is recommended, yet it teaches how Cognac, Brandy, Scotch and Irish Whiskey, Foreign and Domestic Rum, all kinds of wines from the choicest to the commonest, can be imitated to the perfection that the best judges cannot detect the method of manufacture.” (Gabler). This copy has modest wear to the binding, and the front end-papers are age-toned and stained. The front fly-leaf bears a previous owner’s inscription. Rare in the trade. Details>>

“Home Brewed” Wines and Beers and Bartenders Guide

Home_Brewed_Wines_Beers“A generation or two ago every house-wife who prided herself on her catering ability had a choice of home-made wines and cordials in her cellar, and she was always able to offer her friends one or other of her special delicacies. Of late years, however, the custom of making wine at home has to a large extent died out, and to those living in towns without fruit gardens, and only a limited amount of space for storage purposes, the occupation is hardly a feasible one… Home-made wines are particularly good and wholesome, and with a reasonable amount of care their manufacture is not difficult. The secret of success lies in using good materials, in measuring accurately, in observing strict cleanliness in every detail, and in not trying to hurry the process.”

“Home Brewed” Wines and Beers includes recipes for beverages such as Cider Champagne, Black-Currant Wine, Monongahela Whiskey, Dandelion Wine, Walnut Mead, Tomato Wine, Sloe Gin, Beef Tea, Potass Water & Port Wine Punch. In addition to the many interesting wine, beer & liquor recipes, this handy booklet includes directions for making “cement for the mouths of corked bottles”, “wax putty for leaky cans, bungs”, etc., and how to “restore wine that has turned sour or sharp”. P. 31 begins the conclusion of the booklet with a poem titled “Toasts for All Occassions”. We find no listings of this title on OCLC, nor the NUC. Not found in Gabler, nor Simon. Rare. Details>>

Grape Syrup

Grape_Syrup“It has only been within the past two or three years that any particular attention has been given to the production of grape syrup in California in considerable commercial quantities…. There are many wine makers in California who have rigged up machines of one sort or another, to make syrup, either for wine making, or as, in the last two or three years, for table purposes.”

This title comprises Appendix A to the Annual Report of the Board of State Viticultural Commissioners for 1893.Chapters include: Properties of grape sugar, Apparatus for making syrup, Vacuum pans, American Concentrated Must Company’s Works, Yaryan system, Sanders’ syrup machine, Open pan and tub processes. Rare in the trade. OCLC records eight institutional holdings of this single volume. Details>>

Viticulture and Viniculture in California

Viticulture_Viniculture_CaliforniaThis small text contains a wealth of information regarding California viticulture and the defense of the wine-making community. For example: “Viticulture, in professing to fulfill all the proper demands of the people as a progressive industry, conducive to public prosperity, happiness, and civilization, bases its claims for popular recognition, and State and National encouragement and protection, on the principles comprised in the foregoing general propositions. It has its enemies among political economists, who do not rightfully share our happy conditions of progress; and among reformers, whose notions of political power would lead them, if successful, to add to their present follies the religious intolerance of the past… In the near future the wine dealers may prepare also to provide a market for clarets of high Medoc character, true high class Burgundy, true Sauternes, and Cognac types that will rival the best produced and surpass any in general commerce… It is to the physicians and scientific students of life, who do not expect any millennium, that society should look for the reform of alcoholic abuses; and to the wholesome restraints and discipline of youth in homes that permanent progress in social growth and healthfulness must be traced. As to criminal acts committed during alcoholic excesses, we may assume that intemperance is the result of criminal conditions of the mind, which sets no restraints upon ambition and desire. As to insanity, who can tell whether it is not the insane disposition that leads to alcoholism? …Our industry is forced to a consideration of these questions, not only in self-defense against erratic and impractical reformers, but also because our success largely depends upon the general good and prosperity of the people.”

Subject headings include Viticulture Considered Industrially from the Standpoint of National Importance, the Growth and Present Condition of Viticulture in California, the Question of Over Production, Shipping Grapes and Raisins, Extent of Possible Viticulture in California, Select Locations for Viticulture, the Chemical Constituents of Soils & Suggestions Concerning the Development of Commerce in Viticultural Products in the United States (Prepared Especially for this Edition). An important California wine item for dedicated collectors and institutions. Rare in the trade. Details>>

 

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Daily Recap: #RBMS14 Day 3 in 10 Tweets

We’re really getting into that Vegas state of mind…hence today’s Twitter recap starts with a little bit of (mannequin) leg!

This morning’s plenary on the marketplace and its impact on the ecosystem of special collections was moderated by Rachel D’Agostino, Curator of Printed Books at the Library Company of Philadelphia. Nina Musinsky offered  a thought provoking take from the perspective of a rare bookseller, while Steve Ennis brought an upper-level administrator’s viewpoint.

Katie Henningsen, Archivist and Special Collections Coordinator at the University of Puget Sound, moderated “Dis-Placed Librarians,” a session for special collections librarians who are new to their areas or must “retrofit” their talents to a new position or or subject area. Meanwhile, UCLA’s Nina M Schneider moderated a seminar on the reinvention of the library catalogue. Participants examined how  librarians can take advantage of new technologies like BIBFRAME to enhance access to special collections materials. And Bill Landis of the Yale University Library moderated “Teaching Ambidextrously: Supporting the Seamless Research Experience.” Finally, the fourth paper panel, on Space/Renovation, was moderated by Maureen Maryanski of the New-York Historical Museum and Society.

In the afternoon, Michael Inman of the New York Public Library and Charlotte Priddle of New York University moderated a discussion group on exhibition techniques, particularly focusing on the challenges and opportunities of online exhibition. Elizabeth Joffrion of Western Washington University Libraries moderated a seminar on hidden diversity in the archives. Emily Dunlay moderated Paper Panel Five, on Space/Function, while Yale University’s Ellen Ellickson moderated Paper Panel Six, on the History of Science.

Following the beverage break, Linda Isaac of California State University moderated Paper Panel Seven, which addressed digital special collections. The email correspondence of Susan Sontag took center stage, as did issues of copyright and public domain. Susan Horowitz of Haverford College moderated a lively seminar on crowdsourcing, focusing on case studies like NYPL’s “What’s on the Menu” project. Nina Mamikunian moderated Paper Panel Eight, “Space/Alternatives,” while Indiana University’s Lori Dekydtspotter moderated Paper Panel Nine, “Teaching/Learning.” 

The day concluded with a lovely reception at Nevada State Museum.

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Daily Recap: #RBMS14 Day 2…in 10 Tweets

RBMS 2014 got off to a roaring start on Tuesday, and Day Two was no different! Wednesday’s program kicked off with an excellent plenary on the book as archive, moderated by Nicole Bouche, Director of the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia.

Then we were off to the ABAA Booksellers’ Showcase, where we were thrilled to cavort with bookish friends new and old. Meanwhile, participants gathered for a lively discussion, “Librarian as Bibliographer (and Buyer). The session was moderated by Virginia Bartow, Sr. Rare Book Cataloguer Special Formats at the New York Public Library, and Barbara Heritage, Assistant Director and Curator of Collections at the University of Virginia’s Rare Book School.

Another engaging seminar on patron-driven priorities took place simultaneously (also action packed–we thought the Twitter-verse might implode with all the #rbms14 action!). Elizabeth Slomba, University Archivist for the University of New Hampshire, nimbly moderated this session. And Colleen Thiesen of the University of Iowa moderated the first Papers Panel on Digital Humanities, while Colleen Barret of Indiana University’s Lily Library, moderated Papers Panel 2, on Preservation.

For the afternoon, participants broke up into regional groups for discussions led by consummate library professionals from each geographic area. This was followed by a tour of the ABAA Booksellers’ Showcase–and the all-important beverage break with booksellers.

The day finished with three excellent sessions. Molly Schwartzburg, Curator of the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia, led a discussion group on designing instruction with physical and digital library materials. A seminar on publishing for professional growth was led by John Overholt, curator of early modern books and manuscripts at Harvard University’s Houghton Library. And the seminar on the future of special collections generated much online discussion, as did Papers Panel 3 on Bibliography, moderated by Elizabeth Ott of the University of Virginia’s Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library.

Here’s a look back at the day in ten tweets, in no particular order! (Okay, it’s eleven tweets, but one is from our showcase booth!)

https://twitter.com/RBMSinfo/status/481936335469432832/photo/1

 

Related Posts:
Daily Recap: RBMS Day 1 (Tuesday, June 24)

 

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Why California Isn’t Called “Nova Albion”

On June 17, 1579, Francis Drake claimed California for England. He anchored his ship, the Golden Hind, just north of present-day San Francisco and named the new territory “Nova Albion.” But despite Drake’s claim in the name of Queen Elizabeth I, he was not the first European to explore California.

Drake Lays Claim to California

Drake set out from England on December 13, 1577 with five ships. His mission was to raid Spanish holdings along the Pacific coast in the New World. Drake was forced to abandon two ships during the Atlantic crossing. Then the expedition encountered a series of storms in the Strait of Magellan. One ship was destroyed, and the other returned to England. Only the Golden Hind reached the Pacific. Drake raided Spanish settlements and captured a heavy-laden Spanish treasure ship.

Drake continued up the West Coast of North America in search of the fabled Northwest passage. He got as far north as present-day Washington, stopping near the San Francisco Bay in June 1579. In July, Drake’s expedition set off across the Pacific, eventually rounding the Cape of Good Hope and returning to England. Drake returned to Plymouth, England on September 26, 1580. Queen Elizabeth I knighted him the following year on a visit to his ship.

A Portuguese Explorer for the Spanish Crown

California gets its name from a mythical island populated by Amazon women who use golden tools and weapons. It appeared in a popular romance novel called Las Sergas de Esplandian by Garci Rodriguez de Montalvo. The book went through several editions, though the earliest extant copy dates from 1510. When Spanish settlers explored what’s now Baja California, they believed that they’d discovered the mythical island.

It was Portuguese adventurer Joao Rodruigues Cabrilho, better known as Jose Rodriguez Cabrillo, who disabused the Spaniards of the notion that California was an island. Little is known of Cabrillo’s life before 1519, when his name first appears in the ranks of those serving conquistador Hernan Cortes. Cabrillo participated in the conquests of both Mexico and Guatemala. He was also involved in military expeditions to southern Mexico, Guatemala, and San Salvador.

Cabrillo eventually settled in Guatemala and by 1530 had established himself as a leader of Santiago, Guatemala. He returned to Spain briefly to find a wife, marrying Beatriz Sanchez de Ortega. The couple would have two sons. Then in 1540, a major earthquake destroyed Santiago. Cabrillo’s report to Spain on the devastation is considered the first piece of secular journalism published in the New World.

Soon Spain was looking to expand northward. Francisco de Ulloa had recently explored the Gulf of California and proven that California was not an island after all (though the misconception persisted back in Spain). Now, Guatemala governor Pedro de Alvarado commissioned Cabrillo to lead a mission up the coast. He believed that Cabrillo and his men would find the fabled wealthy cities of Cibola, which were thought to be somewhere along the Pacific coast north of New Spain. The explorers also held out hope of discovering the “Straits of Arain,” rumored to connect the North Pacific and the North Atlantic.

Cabrillo Travels up the California Coast

On June 24, 1542, Cabrillo sailed out of the port of Navidad (modern-day Manzanillo). He took with him a crew of soldiers and sailors, along with merchants, a priest, slaves, livestock, and enough provisions to last two years. By September 28, 1542, Cabrillo had reached a “very good enclosed port,” now known as San Diego Bay. He and his crew stayed there for several days before heading up the coast. They visited a number of islands before turning around due to adverse weather conditions.

Taylor_First_Voyage_California_CabrilloCabrillo died of complications from a broken leg on January 3, 1543. His exploration helped to dispel geographical misconceptions and to expand the Spanish empire. Over three centuries later, Alex S Taylor, a resident of Monterey, California, wrote the history of Cabrillo’s expedition. First published separately in 1853, The First Voyage to the Coasts of California is considered an important work, indeed; it was the first work of California history actually published within California.

Other Works of Californiana

The Pony Express Courier 
Pony_Express_CourierIn 1860, countless men responded to advertisements for riders in the new Pony Express. At any one time, only about eighty men would actually be riders, though another 400 employees supported the operation. The Pony Express was a truly ambitious project, connecting the East coast with California. Mark Twain was lucky enough to witness the Pony Express in action, observing that the rider was “usually a little bit of a man.” The Pony Express Courier, published in Placerville, first appeared in 1934. It’s a wonderful resource for students of Western America, full of interviews, reminiscences, and more. This set includes 16 of 18 total issues, bound in eight books. They are custom bound in blue “marbled” cloth with gilt stamped lettering to the spine and front board. Details>>

Wi-Ne-Ma (The Woman Chief) and Her People
Meacham_Wi_Ne_Ma_PeopleAlso known as the Lava Beds War, the Modoc War began in 1872, making it the last of the Indian Wars to occur in California and Oregon. Wi-Ne-Man acted as interpreted for the peace commission during the conflict. Her efforts saved the life of Alfred Benjamin Meachum, Indian Superintendent of Oregon, Meachum would go on to write an account of the chieftainess called Wi-Ne-Man (The Woman Chief) and Her People. The first edition was published in 1876. APBC shows this title at auction last in 1997, with only one prior occurrence in 1991. Details>>

Documents in Relation to Charges Preferred by Stephen J Field and Others…
Field_Turner_Documents_Charges_PreferredThe Field-Turner feud is renowned in the annals of California history. Judge William R Turner had Field, an attorney, disbarred; Field ultimately got his revenge by, on election to the California Assembly, arranging Turner’s banishment, via judicial reorganization, to a remote “region in the northern part of the state.” [DAB]. This second edition includes testimonial and affidavits in Judge Turner’s defense from a host of local officials as well as a few national notables, including Andrew Jackson & Henry Clay. Furthermore, this copy contains rare associated ephemera: a handbill reprinting a contemporaneous review of the book entitled, “Judge Turner’s Book,” as published in the San Francisco Herald of Dec. 30, 1856; as well as a legal circular containing a statement by Judge Turner relating to his candidacy for re-election to the office of District Judge for the 8th District, dated Arcata, July 14, 1863. Additionally, contained within the circular are reprinted two letters with respect to Turner’s case before the Supreme Court, the latter advising Judge Turner “of the favorable and final decision of the Supreme Court in your case.” Details>>

All About California and the Inducements to Settle There
All_About_CaliforniaAttributed to JS Hittel, All About California includes the drop title “For Gratuitous Circulation.” The propaganda piece was designed to encourage settlement in California, and it’s full of pertinent data and factoids of the era. This, the second edition, was issued in 1870 just like the first. It includes a folding map of the railroad route for the “Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific RR Line,” along with a two-page map of California, a full-page wood engraving of the Grand Hotel, and a two-page map of “JT Little’s San Joaquin Valley.” This copy bears the stamp of the California Immigrant Union in the upper right corner of the front wrapper. There’s a small bit of bio-predation on the top pages of the last eight pages, but no text is affected. Details>>

An Historical Sketch of Los Angeles County, California
Historical_Sketch_Los_Angeles_CountyThis account of California history stretches from the Spanish Occupancy, by the founding of the Mission San Gabriel Archangel, September 8, 1771, to July 4, 1876. This copy is a first edition, second issue, published in 1876. The volume is in its original printed paper wrappers. The wrapper edges chipped, with the upper corner lacking from front wrapper. A Japanese paper repair has been made to the spine. There’s occasional pencil marginalia. Overall, this is an about very good copy. Details>>

 

Related Posts:
The California Gold Rush, Slavery, and the Civil War
L Frank Baum’s Forgotten Foray into Theatre
Elias Samuel Cooper: Renowned and Controversial Surgeon

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The Benefits of Bibliography

For new collectors, the idea of “books on books” may seem like a strange one. However, within this genre of books lies one specific category known as bibliographies, which are an incredible resource for collectors of virtually all levels and interests. Using a bibliography to direct your collecting efforts is an excellent way to eliminate guesswork and find new direction. They are your guidebook to the author/subject on which you focus your collecting energies and monies.

What Is a Bibliography?

Wynkyn de Worde bibliography

‘A Short Account of the Life and Work of Wynkyn de Worde’ offers both biographical and bibliographical information on the man who popularized the printing press.

Most of us think of bibliographies as the source lists at the end of research papers and journal articles. in the world of rare books, “bibliography” still refers to a list of books and other works, but with a slightly different focus. A bibliography is a compilation of all the printed works that fall into a given category. It may be annotated, which means that it includes more than simply publication information for each item listed. Bibliographies are available in almost every concentration.

Know Your Books

Catalogue-Scribner-Welford-Armstrong

This rare catalogue of the short-lived publishing firm is both a resource and a collectible in its own right.

One of the greatest challenges for novice book collectors–and sometimes even professional antiquarian book dealers–is accurately identifying the book in front of us. It can be difficult to differentiate among different editions of books, for example. The bibliography can eliminate that uncertainty. These research tools often list relevant points of issue, that is, small details about a book than can help you tell the difference between the first edition and subsequent editions, or between different printings of the same edition; in the era of letterpress printing, for instance, the printer would often make changes to the typeset (sometimes mid-run) to correct errors. A collector would need to know these, in order to correctly spot true first editions and avoid potentially costly mistakes.

Discover New Direction

Typically collectors focus on the “high points” in their specialty or genre. Dickens collectors, for example, generally begin with the Inimitable’s most famous works like Pickwick Papers, Bleak House, and Great Expectations. This propensity for collecting high points has two important results. First, it means that most collections lack much depth. Second, prices for these high point works are driven up, often out of the reach of amateur collectors. The bibliography, then, offers a means of discovering lesser known works that add interest and completeness to a collection. It can also point collectors toward fascinating items that are more accessible from a cost standpoint. Ultimately the bibliography can act as a collector’s “checklist.”

As you move forward with building your own collection, find out which relevant bibliographies are considered most useful. Add these to your personal library as soon as you can! They’ll prove a sound investment as you delve deeper into the world of rare and antiquarian books.  Finally, Tavistock Books offers an annual workshop on Reference Book use [the next being this coming August 24th].  Should you desire further information on this workshop, please contact Margueritte Peterson at msp [@] tavbooks.com

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Charles Dickens’ Debt to Henry Fielding

Henry-Fielding

Henry Fielding

Charles-Dickens

Charles Dickens

When Charles Dickens’ sixth son was born on January 16, 1849, the boy was named for one of Dickens’ favorite authors. Supposedly Dickens had first thought to name the boy after Oliver Goldsmith, but he feared the child would be ridiculed as “Oliver always asking for more.” Instead he named his son Henry Fielding Dickens, after legendary 18th-century author Henry Fielding. Though Dickens was born too late to meet Fielding, his predecessor had a profound impact on Dickens’ work.

 A Father of the Novel

Henry Fielding (April 22, 1707-Oct 8, 1754) began his literary career due to financial distress. At the time writing plays could be quite lucrative, so Fielding turned his attention to drama. His first play, Love in Several Masques (1728), was an immediate success, and over the next several years Fielding would write at least 25 more plays. Most of these had little literary merit. In 1736, Fielding wrote Pasquin, a Dramatic Satire of the Times, which was performed 60 times in only three months. The play attacked the administration of Sir Robert Walpole, portraying the government as rife with corruption.

Fielding followed with The Historical Register for the Year 1736 (1737), which was even more critical of Sir Walpole’s administration. The play was so overtly critical that it caused worry among government officials. Sir Walpole seized the opportunity to pass the License Act of 1737, turning over control of the theatre to Lord Chamberlain. After that, it was virtually impossible to produce a satirical play, and Fielding found his career as a dramatist at an abrupt end. Though Fielding turned back to the law to make his money, he soon found himself facing financial trouble. He began editing the anti-Walpole The Champion, or British Mercury (1739-1741), writing under the pseudonym Captain Hercules Vinegar.

Then Samuel Richardson published the first two volumes of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded in 1740. Fielding found Richardson’s tone so self-serving and moralistic, he was moved to pen a scathing satire of Richardson’s novel. An Apology for the LIfe of Mrs. Shamela Andrews (1741) was published anonymously, but is accepted as Fielding’s work. He followed up with the comic romance of Pamela’s brother in The History and Adventures of Joseph Andrews (1742). Both novels were quite successful.

Fielding, as many know, also had a very successful career as magistrate, being, for example, co-founder of London’s first police force, the Bow Street Runners. But he never stopped writing. He was a prolific writer of political pamphlets. Vehemently anti-Stuart, Fielding wrote for the burlesque Jacobite Journal (1747-1748) as a response to the Jacobite uprising of 1745. That event would later serve as the backdrop for The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749). It was with this novel that Fielding made his greatest contribution to literature: this picaresque tale blends elements of the mock epic and comic romance, but it also introduces the omniscient narrator.

Meanwhile the novel’s protagonist, Tom Jones, is an ordinary person, a sort of modern-day everyman. With the figure of Tom Jones, Fielding made the novel accessible and interesting to a whole new middle-class reading public. It’s no surprise, then, that a copy of Tom Jones found its way to the bookshelf of the poor Dickens household when Charles was a boy.

Fielding’s Impact on the Victorian Novel

While Richardson is credited with originating the psychological realism so prevalent today, Fielding was the inventor of a new narrative voice that vastly influenced Victorian writers from William Makepeace Thackeray to Charles Dickens. Indeed, Dickens owes quite a debt to Fielding. Dickens’ first several novels were picaresques (novels of short episodes), a style he’d picked up from the books of his childhood–namely Arabian Nights, Don Quixote, and Tom Jones. Dickens would also incorporate elements of the mock epic and the comic romance in his stories.

Dickens also followed in Fielding’s footsteps by using fiction to openly address political and social issues. Fielding made literature more egalitarian; while the novel had previously focused on members of the upper classes and their lives, Fielding opened up the genre. Dickens furthered that work with tales like Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol.

Fielding’s novels surely left a lasting impression, influencing Dickens for a lifetime. It’s no wonder that Dickens chose to name a child after Fielding. Where else do you see Fielding’s influence on Dickens’ writing? And which writer would you choose for a child’s namesake?

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